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Central Europe relies heavily on foreign digital technologies, most often from the United States. While Czechia, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary benefit from their availability, performance and cost, they are also facing growing dependence that raises questions about security, control over data and technological sovereignty. This special report examines the depth of this dependence and the paths individual countries are pursuing to reduce it.

By EU Brief, Focus Europe PL, Magyar Narancs, Update EU

The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine forced Slovakia to confront years of underinvestment in its armed forces. Since 2022, Bratislava has accelerated military modernisation, gradually moved away from Soviet-era equipment and deepened cooperation with NATO. The transformation, however, has exposed a key dilemma: Slovakia is increasing its security through its allies while at the same time remaining heavily dependent on them.

[Radek Hajek]

For a decade, Czech military documents have pointed to the same problems: shortages of soldiers, equipment and infrastructure, as well as delays in the modernisation of the armed forces. Despite increased defence spending, many key capabilities remain undeveloped, and experts warn that the process of change is moving too slowly.

[Yomex Owo]

Ten years ago, Viktor Orbán’s government began modernising Hungary’s armed forces. Today, Hungary produces armoured vehicles, ammunition, small arms and helicopter components. However, allegations of corruption have cast a shadow over the country’s rearmament process, leaving Péter Magyar’s new government with the crucial task of rebuilding trust with NATO and Hungary’s closest allies.

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