Hungary’s flagship nuclear project, Paks II, stands at a decisive juncture as a new government seeks to reassess its costs, risks, and geopolitical implications. Between energy security needs and dependence on Russia, there is little room for maneuver.
From multi-billion dollar American deals to French fuel cycles, Central Europe is fast-tracking its nuclear transition.
Nuclear energy is a key pillar of the Czech energy sector, and its importance is set to grow alongside decarbonisation efforts and the need to strengthen energy security. However, the Czech nuclear industry faces a number of challenges – ranging from potential European Union intervention in the Dukovany expansion to the continued reliance on Russian nuclear fuel. At the same time, Czechia aims to become a pioneer in the development of small modular reactors (SMRs), though this leadership may come at a cost.
Slovakia is diversifying its nuclear fuel and technology toward Western partners. The fuel is to come from France and the new reactor from the USA. However, it remains unclear who will build the waste repository.